Movie Analysis Crash - 1853 Words

GENRE I RACE IN THE FILM CRASH DEPARTMENT OF FILM AND CREATIVE WRITING INTRODUCTION TO FILM STUDIES B MODULE CODE: 09 24802 STUDENT ID: 1613440 MICHELE AARON UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM 1. Introduction This paper is a critical analysis of the American film Crash, directed by Paul Haggis which was performed for the first time in 2004. This essay will therefore deal with Gender I and Race, two of the approaches discussed in the subject Introduction to Film Studies B in the second semester. It will focus on genre iconography and racial stereotypes following the events developed in the film. Crash has a wide cast of popular actors and actresses as the couple of rich and white performed by Brendan Fraser and Sandra Bullock,†¦show more content†¦The dramatic irony is also a piece of iconography where the spectators know about a situation that the characters are unaware of. In drama films, dramatic irony is important because it helps the audience understand the plot or the emotional development of the character (Fotheringham, 2014). For instance, we as audience know that the Latino locksmith had nothing to do with the robbery of the Iranian store, so this allows us to empathize better with the character. Fotheringham states that rites of passage are a massive iconography for this genre â€Å"as the audience likes to see the characters go through several emotions and challenges that will stop them† (Fotheringham, 2014, p.11). In fact, the film shows us how Christine feels repudiation toward the policeman that abused her, but she ends up feeling gratitude because he saved her life. So, spectators can identify here a process of mature emotional development in relation to the beginning of the film. However, from my point of view what classify the film Crash as a drama are fast scenes, full of violence and action; debilitation and lack of values; chaos and disintegration. Crash offers a new perspective on the city of Los Angeles by enhancing the differences of its inhabitants. The characters of Crash are caricatures with weak motivations, easy to handle. Thus, xenophobic and maniacal housewife embodied by Sandra Bullock, falls and, instead of dismissing her Latina maid for cleaningShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : The Movie Crash 1662 Words   |  7 Pagesneed to know in a short amount of time.When it comes to the textual analysis of it all it all depends on how the script is written not only that but how the script is played out in the film. In the textual analysis of a film you have to really pay attention to the environment during the film. You have to pay attention to the race in the film, the themes throughout the film and the gender roles played in the film. In the movie Crash we see many pairs where they each have their own different points ofRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash 1055 Words   |  5 Pages1108 23 November 2015 Movie Analysis Although the movie Crash aired in 2004, the movie does a phenomenal job at depicting social conflicts that are still evident in 2015. Crash, also deals with wide range of controversies and offers multiple narratives. And since narrative is always a two-way street, the movie does a great job of showing two perspectives of everything. More specifically, it challenges our ethical and moral beliefs in a sense that many of the scenes in the movie reside in the grey areaRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash 1362 Words   |  6 Pagescalled â€Å"Crash†, this movie basically talks about racism and the impact it has on the lives of people in Los Angeles. This movie got a good response from the viewers, as it concentrated on some real harsh realities of racism and asked some hard questions which are generally avoided in movies. This movie clearly promotes the a very delicate issue, and hence requires some detailed assessment. I personally feel the movie was good and it portrayed some very common events of racism, I think â€Å"Crash† showsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Crash 963 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual, for instance the way they perceive others and also the way they perceive themselves. Paul Haggis’s movie â€Å"Crash† conceptualize on this idea and interpret it in an in entirely different way; so that we can see that there are reasons and motives to why our society is separated this type of way. The movie is full of many sociological issues, such as gender, race, and social class. The movie is centralize around racism, and wants to give its own interpretation on racism, the reasons why it happensRead MoreDepth Analysis of the Movie Crash2037 Words   |  7 Pagespaper will provide a broad analysis of the movie Crash, and yet a specific picture of visual narrative techniques and audio techniques. The categories contributing to the nucleus and major movie components are theatrical elements, cinematography, editing, and sound. The Academy Award winning movie Crash is a story about society s controversial subjects projected in an in your face depiction of lives that in some way or another, cross. Depth Analysis of the Movie Crash The over-all theme ofRead MoreMovie Analysis : The Movie Crash1926 Words   |  8 PagesThe Movie Crash takes place in Los Angeles, California in the winter time. Throughout this movie, all of the stories connect in one way or another. This movie shows the lives of a diverse population of people, they have different race and social classes. In one of the first parts of the movie, they show a racist pawn shop owner that refuses to sell a gun to a man, simply because he is speaking to his daughter in another language, he generalizes all people of that race and accuses the man of â€Å"killingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Crash 1394 Words   |  6 PagesCRASH! This was the last sound Tim Horton heard before he crashed into the woods. His drunk body made the violent rolling of the car feel like nothing. His mind still back at the bar, crying for a better life. He wanted this attempt to be painless and quick, but was depressed to see his immaculated body upside down in his turnovered car. The drunk had no more tears to shed, he had no screams to let out; all he could do was hit his head against the seat. He wanted something to break ,but his mindRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash 1606 Words   |  7 Pagesare many movies out there that take a viewpoint form so many angles, this movie Crash does this that. Watching this mo vie brought about many emotions from my own life but to get a sense of what other people in the world go through when it comes to interacting with other races, the experiences we’ve had with them and also the perspectives we hold inside of us overall. This chapter will look at three scenes form the move crash and break each one of them down to showcase the significance of what individualRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Crash Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesWriting Inquiry  Ã‚   September 29, 2106  Ã‚           Ã‚   Crash Movie Essay  Ã‚   Since the beginning of time, the world has been intolerant of people that are different or stand out. People have an issue accepting others that have contrasting views, values, opinions, beliefs, and even appearances. Whether we like it or not, there is a little bit racism in all of us, although it may not be as evident in one person as it is in another. In the 2004 film,  Crash, race is portrayed as being an abnormality that negativelyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Crash 1174 Words   |  5 Pages Crash, a movie released in 2004, was set during what seemed to be quite a short time after the incident of 9/11. The entirety of this film paints such an emotional and touching portrait of racism within our seemingly modern society. It shows quite a few ethnic stereotypes that many people still will witness today; an older man who must obviously be Muslim because he s from the Middle East, and a Latino gang member who bears an assortment of tattoos and sports a shaved head. The interactions

Planning Your Perfect Vacation Essay - 1014 Words

William Vera Mr. Carli Process Paper English 101 at 8am February 27th, 2011 Planning Your Perfect Vacation Choosing a destination for your vacation may be the easiest part of planning the whole trip but planning the details of it is the hard part. Some people have it down to a science and some do it all last minute. When you wait until the last minute to plan your trip it can end up being very expensive. I prefer to keep it simple and take my time planning my trip, keeping it as stress free as possible. The first step in planning your vacation is choosing the destination. Make sure that it is somewhere that you and/or your companion are going to enjoy. If you are planning to go out of the country, don’t forget that you will†¦show more content†¦You’re going on vacation so pack comfortably When you have chosen the location and received your passport the next thing you must do is choose the dates that you will be going on your vacation but you must also make sure that they corresponds with the climate. If you decide to go to a warmer climate then you may want to go between the months of October and May because the temperatures are not so extreme. If the hot summer months are what you enjoy, then I recommend that you go on vacation from June through September. On the other hand, if you choose to go to a cooler climate where it snows in the winter months I would go during the summer. After you choose your destination the next thing you must do is reserve your airfare and hotel. This may be tough because there are many websites and travel agents that you can go through. I have found that it is cheaper and easier to go through Expedia.com. You can book your hotel and flight all together and pay one low price. I have also found that flying with Southwest Airlines is very cheap and they have many one way stops all across the country and for a cheap hotel that is very nice I recommend the Extended Stay America. While you are on your vacation make sure you make plenty of time for sightseeing. If you are going to the Caribbean or someplace that has a beautiful body of water that had lots of ocean life in it then I recommend going diving or snorkeling. This is a great way to get in touch withShow MoreRelatedEssay on My Perfect Dream Vacation: Theres No Place Like Home997 Words   |  4 PagesMy Perfect Dream Vacation: Theres No Place Like Home Almost everyone has their own idea of a dream vacation. Its the perfect place to get away from the reality of every day life and the stress that goes along with it, and the choices and ideas of the â€Å"perfect vacation† are as varied as the people who dream about them. Some fantasize about lazing on a warm, sunny beach with soft ocean breezes and a cold exotic drink at their side. Some dream of forests and wildlife, cool runningRead MoreBest Vacation Planning Tips With Soufeel886 Words   |  4 PagesBest Vacation Planning Tips with Soufeel As you know, Ben and I just came back from an amazing vacation to Spain. I can t be happier as I finally saw with my own eyes all of the creations of my favorite artist/architect Antoni Gaudi and tasted all of the amazing dishes from Spanish cuisine. I love to take the time and plan our vacation on my own so we can see not only basic tourist attractions but also live for a couple of days as locals of the place we visit. Even though this year we booked theRead MoreLae Task 1772 Words   |  4 Pagesa life time dream vacation would be a priceless experience. Traveling to new and exciting places would create ever lasting memories that we would share for a lifetime. A vacation is a wonderful way for us to have a break from every day stresses and schedule conflicts. A luxury cruise can offer all these things and much more. Personally experiencing what a luxury cruise has to offer, I can guarantee a cost worthy, indulgent and memorable experience. The most enjoyable vacation I’ve experienced wasRead MoreThe Caribbe A Vacation Destination For Guests Of All Ages1096 Words   |  5 Pagestruly has some beautiful vacation destinations that offer a plethora of activity opportunities and experiences for families, backpackers and honeymooners alike. Whether it is about a culinary trip or a relaxed couple’s retreat in a secluded beachfront villa, Caribbean destinations have it all to fulfill your wishes of an once-in-a-lifetime vacation. With wide choices of lodging to choose from and endless activity opportunities, each destination in the Caribbean is a dream vacation spot in itself. PlusRead MoreThe Tourism Product- Components of the Tourism Industry1588 Words   |  7 Pagesthat link together, to provide a family, couple or a group with a vacation. These components are more like steps. These steps include, how you get to your destination, where you stay, what activities you do and who organizes all of these things. The formal names for these components are: accommodation sector, attraction sector, transport sector, travel organisers sector, destination sector. They all play a vital role in any vacation. The accommodation sector deals with where they are going to stayRead MoreCome tour Niagara’s Wine Route with winetourlimo.ca and see why they have grabbed the world’s700 Words   |  3 Pagesshores of Lake Ontario. The Niagara region has been blessed with the perfect climate and geography that supports the growth of the vineyards and the wineries. The remarkable diversity that is offered to visitors, with the smaller boutique wineries to the fancier celebrity ones and those that produce organic wine keeps you wanting to go back again and again. When it comes to Niagara Wine Tours, winetourlimo.ca sets the perfect standards All you need to do is to sit back and relax in one of our latestRead MoreLegendary Destination : A Destination Vacation1413 Words   |  6 PagesKeyword: Legendary Preferred Destinations(01_tag) 3 – 60 Biography 2_tag) 1. Legendary Preferred Destinations: Take a Vacation That s Legendary Legendary Preferred Destinations offers travelers who seek excitement a one of a kind vacation experience. With popular venues throughout Mexico and the Dominican Republic, this bespoke vacation club provides the finest resorts and facilities to each guest. Explore the stunning beaches and historical sites while basking in the tropical weather. Build lastingRead MoreAmerica in the 1950s Essay582 Words   |  3 Pagesshould behave. Advertisements for real estate were designed to sell to the â€Å"All-American† family. For example; Dad would be the returned home veteran who is now running the company, Mom is an ideal housewife who works a couple days a week for extra vacation cash, little Billy likes baseball and his sister Susie plays with dolls. Houses designed with this type of family in mind would prove very effective in luring away many from the city to live in suburbs like this at a rapid pace. Most jobs in theRead MoreSummary : One Good Time On Rocky Point Mexico 1487 W ords   |  6 Pagesa few things learned and information to share with others planning on taking on their own adventure across the border. I will cover my experience along with all of the do’s and don’ts while trekking to Mexico. From packing lists, good restaurants, places to avoid, and the best excursions and attractions to conquer while abroad, you will know everything you need to know about traveling to Rocky Point by the end of this review. Planning and budgeting is an essential component for any trip in myRead MoreIncome Inequality : A Problem Of Concern Since The 1920 S853 Words   |  4 Pagesyear from financial assistance; they are expecting another child and planning their next vacation for $16,000. My husband and I pay taxes regularly and have for some time, but still cannot afford a $16,000 vacation. We don’t yearn for the vacation as much as we yearn for not having to support lazy citizens taking advantage of the system. There is the less fortunate that try to make a dollar and live bare. If you have worked your whole life for what you have and you barely get by, you are the majority

Rapunzel free essay sample

There were once a man and a woman who had long in vain wished for a child. At length the woman hoped that God was about to grant her desire. These people had a little window at the back of their house from which a splendid garden could be seen, which was full of the most beautiful flowers and herbs. It was, however, surrounded by a high wall, and no one dared to go Into It because It belonged to an enchantress, who had great power and was dreaded by all the world.One day the woman was standing by this window and looking down into the garden, when she saw a bed which was planted with the most beautiful ramping (airplane), and it looked so fresh and green that she longed for it, she quite pined away, and began to look pale and miserable. Then her husband was alarmed, and asked: What ails you, dear wife? Ah, she replied, if I cant eat some of the ramping, which is in the garden behind our house, I shall die. We will write a custom essay sample on Rapunzel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The man, who loved her, thought: Sooner than let your wife die, bring her some of the ramping yourself, let it cost what it will. At twilight, he clambered down over the wall into the garden of the enchantress, hastily clutched a handful of ramping, and took it to his wife. She at once made herself a salad of It, and ate It greedily. It tasted so good to her-?so very good, that the next day she longed for It three times as much as before. If he was to have any rest, her husband must once more descend Into the garden.In the gloom of evening therefore, he let himself down again; but when he had clambered down the wall he was terribly afraid, for he saw the enchantress standing before him. How can you dare, said she with angry look, descend into my garden and steal my ramping like a thief? You shall suffer for it! Ah, answered he, let mercy take the place of Justice, I only made up my mind to o it out of necessity. My wife saw your ramping from the window, and felt such a longing for it that she would have died if she had not got some to eat. Then the enchantress allowed her anger to be softened, and said to him: If the case be as you say, I will allow you to take away with you as much ramping as you will, only I make one condition, you must give me the child which your wife will bring Into the world; It shall be well treated, and will care for It Like a mother. The man In his terror consented to everything, and when the woman was brought to bed, the enchantress appeared at once, gave the child the name of Airplane, and took it away with her. Airplane grew into the most beautiful child under the sun.When she was twelve years old, the enchantress shut her into a tower, which lay in a forest, and had neither stairs nor door, but quite at the top was a little window. When the enchantress wanted to go in, she placed herself beneath it and cried: Airplane, Airplane, Let down your hair to me. Airplane had magnificent long hair, fine as spun gold, and when she heard the voice of the enchantress she unfastened her braided tresses, wound them round one of the hooks of the window above, and then he hair fell twenty ells down, and the enchantress climbed up by it.After a year or two, It came to pass that the kings son rode through the forest and passed by the tower. Then he heard a song, which was so charming that he stood still and listened. This was Airplane, who In her solitude passed her time In letting her sweet voice resound. The kings son wanted to climb up to her, and looked for the door of the touched his heart, that every day he went out into the forest and listened to it. Once when he was thus standing behind a tree, he saw that an enchantress came there, ND he heard how she cried: Airplane, Airplane, Let down your hair to me. Then Airplane let down the braids of her hair, and the enchantress climbed up to her. If that is the ladder by which one mounts, I too will try my fortune, said he, and the next day when it began to grow dark, he went to the tower and cried: Airplane, Airplane, Let down your hair to me. Immediately the hair fell down and the kings son climbed up. At first Airplane was terribly frightened when a man, such as her eyes had never yet beheld, came to her; but the kings son began to talk to her quite eke a friend, and told her that his heart had been so stirred that it had let him have no res t, and he had been forced to see her. Then Airplane lost her fear, and when he asked her if she would take him for her husband, and she saw that he was young and handsome, she thought: He will love me more than old Dame Goethe does; and she said yes, and laid her hand in his. She said: l will willingly go away with you, but I do not know how to get down. Bring with you a skein of silk every time that you come, and I will weave a ladder with it, and when that is ready I will descend, and you will cake me on your horse. They agreed that until that time he should come to her every evening, for the old woman came by day.The enchantress remarked nothing of this, until once Airplane said to her: Tell me, Dame Goethe, how it happens that you are so much heavier for me to draw up than the young kings son-?he is with me in a moment. Ah! You wicked child, cried the enchantress. What do I hear you say! I thought I had separated you from all the world, and yet you have deceived me! In her anger she clutched Rapeseeds beautiful tr esses, wrapped them twice round her left and, seized a pair of scissors with the right, and snip, snap, they were cut off, and the lovely braids lay on the ground. And she was so pitiless that she took poor Airplane into a desert where she had to live in great grief and misery. On the same day that she cast out Airplane, however, the enchantress fastened the braids of hair, which she had cut off, to the hook of the window, and when the kings son came and cried: Airplane, Airplane, Let down your hair to me. she let the hair down. The kings son ascended, but instead of finding his dearest Airplane, he found the enchantress, who gazed at him with wicked and venomous looks. Aha! She cried mockingly, you would fetch your dearest, but the beautiful bird sits no longer singing in the nest; the cat has got it, and will scratch out your eyes as well. Airplane is lost to you; you will never see her again. The kings son was beside himself with pain, and in his despair he leapt down from the tower. He escaped with his life, but the thorns into which he fell pierced his eyes. Then he wandered quite blind about the forest, ate nothing but roots and berries, and did naught but lament and weep over the loss f his dearest wife.Thus he roamed about in misery for some years, and at length came to the desert where Airplane, with the twins to which she had given birth, a boy and a girl, lived in wretchedness. He heard a voice, and it seemed so familiar to him that he went towards it, and when he approached, Airplane knew him and fell on his neck and wept. Two of her tears wetted his eyes and they grew clear again, and he could see with them as before. He led her to his kingdom where he was joyfully received, and they lived for a long time afterwards, happy and contented.

Leigh Ann Walker Case Analysis Essay Example

Leigh Ann Walker Case Analysis Paper After we reviewed the case of Leigh Ann Walker and discussed it as a group, we felt that Jackie Vaughn overreacted to Walkers admission that she had been untruthful regarding the CPA exam. Walker was only trying to protect her reputation when she had told Vaughn that she had not taken the CPA exam in May and was planning on taking it in November. She had been given a great opportunity in her mind to start her career working with a well-respected individual within the company such as Jackie Vaughn. In Vaughn mind, she didnt want to waste such an opportunity, so he was going to do everything possible to make sure that she did an adequate Job and to impress her superior in every way she could. When the question came up on whether she took the CPA exam, she had reason to assume that she had failed the test in May, so she was only trying to impress Vaughn by telling her that she was planning on taking it in June instead of telling her that she thought the first test was a failure. If we were in the same situation, we wouldve handled the situation differently had we been in Jackie Vaughn position. We will write a custom essay sample on Leigh Ann Walker Case Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Leigh Ann Walker Case Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Leigh Ann Walker Case Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The biggest mistake that we found with the way Vaughn handled the situation was that she did not talk to Walker directly about how she felt, and she didnt tell her what she wanted to happen before going to upper management. After Vaughn heard the news about Walker passing the CPA exam, she became irritated and didnt talk to Walker for a few days after that. What we would have done in Vaughn place was to talk to Walker about the situation a day after Vaughn heard the news. This way they could both share their sides of the story, and make sure that there wasnt a misunderstanding between the two. If after they met and talked about it, and Vaughn still felt the same way, then we think it would be alright to talk about it with upper management. However, going straight to the top with the news and requesting that Walker be fired is out of the question in our minds. This is because Walker is new to the company, and there is pressure to try a make a good first impression with your fellow employees. Also, because Walker had passed the CPA exam and was such a great student makes her a great hire with potential to become a great employee of the company. As with Jackie Vaughn position, we also would handle the situation differently if we were in Don Roberts position. Roberts fired Walker on the basis of what Jackie Vaughn had told him. We think that Roberts decision is wrong and that Walker should not be fired. The facts are that Walker had been doing a great Job in her first few weeks, she was a great student in college, and she had Just passed her CPA exam. To fire Walker because she was only trying to protect her image and make a good first impression with her fellow employees is wrong. What we would have done was to transfer Walker too different team. This would help Walker gain the respect of some other employees within the company and it allows the company to keep a great worker with a lot of potential. In regards to whether it is possible that one could fulfill the responsibilities of a professional role while lacking personal integrity, we decided that there are situations in which it is possible. In this case, Vaughn questions Walkers personal as lacking personal integrity in the case because she wasnt completely honest with Vaughn, then we decided that it is possible for someone to work in a professional role effectively. Walker continued to do an adequate Job while working on her assignment even though she lacked personal integrity. She is able to do this because she keeps her professional integrity separate from her personal integrity. Just because she wasnt honest to Vaughn, it doesnt mean that she cant fulfill her Job duties. She doesnt lose any of her capabilities Just because she wasnt completely honest. On the other hand, although lacking personal integrity may not affect someones ability to perform their Job duties, we decided that it doesnt make your Job any easier. For example, if a person repeatedly tells lies to employees, or only looks after themselves instead of their fellow employees, then it would make their Job harder. This is because the way you treat other co-workers affects the way that they treat you. If you cant do a favor for a co-worker, then it is less likely that they will help you out when you may need them in the future because they will remember the time when you didnt want to help him or her out. More than likely, there will be times when you may need advice or a favor from one of your co-workers, and lacking personal integrity will not make your Job any easier.

Textbook Warehouse

Textbook Warehouse The name of the business is Textbook Warehouse; the idea to write the book was developed by entrepreneurs. The book has been developed by the entrepreneurs under the guidance of financial experts, social media authorities, web design experts, research and legal professionals thus it marshals the right pool of experts under its name.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Textbook Warehouse specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The aim and vision of the promoter is to establish a unique company that specializes in second hand textbooks for university students in Melbourne, Australia. The service that involves online retailing of secondhand textbooks is the concern of this business proposal plan. The company projects to develop a website that forms the virtual office centre for an online retailing of second hand textbooks that are in high demand among university students. Under the expertise of a web developer and socio media authority, the company targets the Generation Y students in the universities whose lives are highly influenced by the socio media world (Yarrow O’ Donnell, 2009). This Generation Y values social sites like Facebook, Twitter and others hence word of mouth is appreciated more than face to face contact. The development of this online forum is in tandem with this behavior and, therefore, convenience, reliability and effectiveness are the strengths of this business (Close, 2012). Through the placement of drop boxes in every university, the company aims to stock enough supplies of second hand texts books to the reading lists of the universities. After that, the sales books will be made available under minimized costs determined by value based and grading systems pricing. The company projects to come up with customer loyalty programs meant to maintain re-sale as well as winning other junior students in their university courses.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company seeks to utilize two opportunities in online retailing where students in Melbourne have been underserved on online forums. The present method is costly and sometimes books are unavailable in the universities’ stores. This will enable students to access the necessary textbooks at the comfort of their mobiles phones, or computers conveniently, and at the best price that caters for the university students income. The second opportunity seeks to utilize the large market of inadequate online forums for shopping tailored for university second hand textbooks. This will enable students to access quality textbooks in the timeliest manner. With a unique marketing concept emerging, good management and carefully crafted method of financing, online selling of second hand textbooks to the target market will be affordable, sustainable and valuable. This special team of experts will position the company to best practices in every aspect of technology, branding, marketing and operations in order to become the leading online service for secondhand textbooks. In Melbourne, the available book stores are not highly concerned with online shopping hence the business. The concern of other textbook dealers involves brand new books as well as exchange of available second hand books hence pure online retailing of secondhand books at most reliable and convenient prices is minimal. However, these textbook sellers include University Bookstores; other small book sellers have managed to offer new and second hand textbooks in the market though at very expensive and unreliable ends due to high cost of operations and poor marketing options as a contrast. The presence of new books from university stores and their strategic locations in every university have made the necessity of online retailing unnecessary in Melbourne.Advertising We will write a custom assessment s ample on Textbook Warehouse specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, these books have proved very expensive to be afforded by a large number of middle income students. These high prices and unreliable accessibility of second hand textbook programmes have pushed away an average customer student. By covering these gaps the company is wishing to set a new uncharted course in the book industry. The unique formula will involve prior marketing on Twitter and Facebook with a target of 100 likes three weeks before the March semester commences. By using readily available storage facilities of one of the partner’s homes, simple costs minimization, cost effective drop boxes will ensure right supply of second hand books delivered by students. These will be paid for and then made available through the online retail forum for easier access through value based and grading system pricing. Through continuous marketing and convenient delivery of sold secondhand textbooks, effective financial management and dedicated personnel of this business look forward to meeting long and short objectives. Long term objectives include: A. To increase and dominate the market on online second hand textbooks services; B. To be a leader in online retailing of second hand textbooks;Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More C. To be a leading online retailing service that maintains economic and sustainable value project; D. Create job ads by rectifying the purchasing power of students. The business targets to increase the number of customers considerably after two years of its operation. By engaging the management personnel it is projected that the increased number of customer students will lead to right data analysis, effective, efficient and smooth operation of the business. As such it targets to use the most minimum number but performing personnel for its success. The baseline scenario projects cost is estimated at $ 90, 000, comprised of $60,000 as initial investment and $30,000 as the bank loan. This investment cost is low due to transfer of some operations and offers of some assets by the promoter. The bank loan is meant to compensate on other inputs and provide a back up for a negative cash flow. References List Close, G. A 2012, Online Consumer Behavior: Theory and Research in Social Media, Adv ertising and e-tail, Routledge Taylor Francis Group, New York. Yarrow, K O’Donnell, J 2009, Gen Buy: How Tweens, Teens and Twenty Somethings are Revolutionalizing Retail, Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint, Carlifornia.

Instant Coffee Production The WritePass Journal

Instant Coffee Production Introduction Instant Coffee Production IntroductionProcessing Packaging and shelflifeSafety and microbiological aspectsQuality controlSpoilagePhysical and sensory propertiesLegal aspectsReference:Related Introduction Instant coffee is an aromatic beverage, consisting of water with additional compounds extracted from coffee beans during brewing, which have then been dehydrated into a soluble coffee form. Coffee beans are seeds from coffee fruit, selected from different sources (location and seasons). The blend could give a particular taste of the brand and also help to reduce the risk of shortage or price fluctuation from a single raw material supplier. Coffee arabica produces the finest coffee, while coffee robusta produces a strong but inferior coffee. Processing There are two main primary processing methods: the unwashed or dry process, which produces naturals, and the washed or wet process, which produces washed coffees. In the dry process the ripe cherries are dried in their entirety after which they are mechanically decorticated to produce the green bean. In the washed or wet process the ripe cherries are pulped and fermented to remove the sticky sugary coating called mucilage that adheres to the beans (this can also be done mechanically), and the beans are then washed and dried. This lactic fermentation involves the action of Leuc. mesenteroids, L. berivs and Streptococcus faecalis. In all procedures the parchment skin is later removed mechanically after drying. Better flavour is achieved if the beans are processed by the wet method rather than the dry method when removing the hull, Wet processing helps in developing soft buttery notes in the cup, unlike the thick robust notes that are observed in the average robusta cup. Beans are mixed by weight portion and no special arrangement of mixing is required. Many imported beans are shipped green, as can be stored in the state with little loss of quality, before roasting. The roasting operation develops the characteristic flavour and headspace aroma. There are two stages of transformation in which the 12% of moisture is driven off and pyrolysis occurs, with the swelling of the beans. Roasting time determines classification as a light, medium or dark roast. The first stage take up about 80% of the roasting time with green beans gradually changing from a straw colour to a pale brown. The second stage of roasting leads to the rapid darkening, emission of oily smoke and crackling sounds, with the chemical composition of the beans rapidly changing. A porous microstructure is formed and the density of coffee bean is almost halved after roasting (from ca. 1.3 g.ml-1 to ca. 0.7 g.ml-1).   The degree of roasting is key for quality consistency of the final product. This can be measured by the colour or density of the roasted beans. Roasting time can be set for predetermined roasting degree. The roasters currently available for roasting operations include vert ical rotating bowl roasters, vertical static drum roasters, horizontal rotating drum roasters, fluidized bed roasters and pressure roasters. Horizontal roasting drum roasters are the most popular, with either a perforated wall or a solid wall. Grinding reduces the size of the coffee bean to small particles. A multi-roller can be used, where the coffee beans pass through up to four stages of size reduction, with the gap between rollers decreasing with each stage. Extraction involves the separation of the soluble solids and volatile aroma/flavour compounds are extracted from ground coffee granules, using hot water as the solvent. An example of such an extractor is a percolation battery extraction device, or a counter-current continuous screw extractor, where a pressurized water feeding system can be used to enhance extraction efficiency. Solvent extraction is not a single stage operation but involves loading the coffee, spraying with solvent (water) until the solute content is reduced to the economical minimum, and excavated. In the production of instant coffee, a series of extraction tanks are linked together to form an extraction battery. Hot water is fed into the take containing roasted granules that are almost extracted and then flows through the various tanks in series before it is withdrawn from the freshly charged tank. Both spray drying and freeze drying are commonly used for instant coffee manufacturing. Spray drying operates at a high temperature, providing an efficient and economic method for the dehydration of coffee solution. However freeze drying has a much better retention of flavour/aroma compounds, but at a relatively higher cost. Freeze drying depends on low temperatures (below -20oC) and the absence of drying air during the dehydration process. The complete process includes freezing, granulation, and then freeze-drying. The slower the highly concentrated coffee is frozen, the larger the ice crystals formed, essential in preserving the best possible colour as well as increasing the solubility of the final product. A band freezer is commonly used, where the band is divided into four to six temperature zones, each of which are cooled by to the required temperature. The coffee extract is then transported through the temperature zones for controlled freezing, leaving the band as flakes at a temperature of approximately -40oC. These frozen flakes are then ground up and fed into a granulator with a built-in perforated plate. The flakes are granulated and passed through holes in the plate, sorting the granules into various sizes. The correctly sized granules are passed though a vacuum lock and a gate lock into the f reeze-drying cabinet, and emptied into a hopper. Below the pressure of 4.6mm Hg, the ice in the coffee goes directly from a solid to vapour without melting. This kind of evaporation is called sublimation. Dried coffee has little or no aroma, therefore, manufacturers usually recover the aromatic volatiles during the bean grinding or extraction processes, and spray them back onto the product just before the final filling operation. This will provide a coffee-like fragrance when the pack is opened. Packaging and shelflife The freeze-dried coffee enters the packaging section via a hopper and is automatically weighted, filled into polyethylene bags, and packed into cardboard cartons for bulk export, or filled into glass jars and labelled. As coffee oil is usually used as a carrier for the aromatic volatiles, it is necessary to fill the packs under a blanket of inert gas such as CO2 to reduce the risk of oxidation. Sealed packaging is necessary for volatile compound retention and to prevent moisture pick-up. High moisture content reduces coffees shelf life.   At 7% moisture content, instant coffee may start to ‘cake’. Glass bottles or metal tins often used as containers for instant coffee. Beans that are at equilibrium and are inactive would have a moisture content of well below 12.5%. Beans with a high moisture content could be very actively respiring, giving up moisture and undergoing changes both physically and intrinsically. Physically, there would be a fading in colour and, depending on the moisture content, the temperature and the humidity of the surrounding area, this could result in bleaching and mould growth. Intrinsically, the cup quality could fade from a clean, strong and neutral cup to a woody, aged and musty cup. Safety and microbiological aspects A particular food safety issue for coffee is concern over the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin that can cause kidney damage, and is a possible human renal carcinogen. In coffee, OTA is produced by fungi of the Aspergillus genus (A. ochraceus, A. carbonarius, A. niger). It is mostly concentrated in the husk, which suggests that naturals (coffees dried in the fruit) are most at risk of contamination. In the European Union the following maximum limits apply to finished coffee products, effective 1st March 2007: roasted coffee 5 ppb (parts per billion); soluble coffee 10 ppb. The HACCP process can be used to establish where OTA enters the system and where the fungi causing OTA first appears. HACCP is a management system in which food safety is addressed through the analysis and control of biological, chemical and physical hazards from raw food material production to manufacturing and consumption. Careful inspection of visual appearance and any mouldy or earthy smells can be a useful tool for checking for the presence of OTA.†¨The monitoring of †¨Pesticide residues in coffee is also a vital aspect of an HACCP system. Furthermore, coffee growers maintain chemical registers that detail, in chronological order, the type and quantities of all chemicals used and the timing of their application. Hydrocarbon contamination is usually caused by jute coffee bags because of the batching oil used to soften the jute fibres before spinning. There have been instances of contaminated oil being used (old engine oil for example), leading to The International Jute Organization has established specifications (IJO Standard 98/01) for the manufacture of jute bags to be used in the food industry. Quality control The supplier must meet the contract specification of the buyer. The seller and buyer jointly established the quality parameters, which the seller is expected to respect continuously, shipment after shipment. Instant coffee produced must be suitable for human consumption, free from extraneous matter such as live pests and moulds, fully conform to the contract description or selling sample, with uniform quality, and be clean ‘in the cup’ i.e. free from abhorrent flavours. Instant coffee is graded according to quality.   For the United States market, undergrade coffee is any type of coffee that grades below GCA type 6 (120 defects per 370 grams The US market prohibits imports below this grade, however most other markets do not normally specify that particular grades of coffee should not be imported, relying instead on general food and hygiene regulations. However, the ICO has introduced a set of worldwide minimum export standards in an attempt to remove the lowest coffees from the market altogether. The higher risk of mould and therefore OTA occurring in lowgrades is also likely to reduce the demand for such coffee. Improper processing techniques, including use of incorrect equipment and poor handling, contribute to defects in quality. Major off-tastes can occur as a result, including raw/green, fruity, overripe, fermented, chemical, earthy, and oily flavours. Problems that may occur include: The picking of overripe beans lowers cup quality leading to a fermented and ‘medicinal’ flavour, due to the deterioration of the fruit. A putrid, rotting off-taste may be caused due to microorganisms entering damaged beans if the coffee beans are not sorted on size, leading to the beans being cut during pulping. Black beans or ‘stinkers’ may be formed affecting quality. The water used for washing, as for all the stages of processing, should be clean to ensure the quality of the end product. Unclean water or water contaminated with fine silt, and recirculated water with a high solid content, could cause earthy, fruity or fermented and other off-tastes. During the preparation of the robusta beans, spreading the fruit in thick layers with inadequate stirring and raking could result in mould formation. This can adversely affect the visual appearance and the cup quality of the cherry beans. Lack of protection from rain and night dew during drying can also cause mould growth. Spicy and chemical off-tastes could be due to packaging in poor quality bags or bags in which spices or fertilizers have been packed earlier. Storing coffee with spices, chemicals, fertilizers or fungicides could also cause these off-tastes. Coffee beans easily absorb odours that could lower their aromatic quality. Based on visual quality, robusta beans could be categorized into three grades: above FAQ (fair average quality), FAQ (average) and below FAQ. Based on liquor quality, robusta beans could be classified as follows: Fine and special, where the liquor quality is soft, smooth and buttery, with good body, hardly any bitterness, and clean. This quality can be seen in robusta coffees which are washed and processed with care, in robusta beans which are grown at high altitudes and under shade, and in plant strains which have the inherent characteristics of lower caffeine content, softness and mellow flavour notes. Good, where the liquor quality could be described as good body, neutral, light bitterness, clean, with a hint of chocolate notes. Average, with a cup quality of fair body, fair neutrality, average bitterness, and clean. Below average, where the liquor, though of fair body, has harsh notes of the robusta fruit, is bitter though clean, and is flat with no flavour notes. Poor, a cup which is unclean, having medicinal, phenolic or rioy off notes, or strong harsh robusta notes, with or without body, bitter and unpleasant to the taste. What has been said above is not a universal methodology followed by all robusta producing origins. It is only a means to explain the quality attributes that could be encountered in a robusta cup and the manner in which these attributes could be classified. Individual buyers have their own classification and evaluation methods, but usually the attributes and ratings will be comparable to those above. ISO 9001 is a process-based quality management system that organizations can use to demonstrate the consistent quality of their products to customers and concerned regulatory institutions. When an organizations quality management system complies with ISO 9001 and when the coffee is processed in accordance with these procedures, then the quality management system (not the product) can be ISO 9001 certified. Spoilage Physical and sensory properties Robusta beans have robust but clean strong and fruity flavours, and are often used in instant coffee preparation. Arabica coffee may also be used, and generally produce good liquors with acidity and flavour. However, these organoleptic properties can be affected by a number of factors. Poor visual colour in instant coffee, such as a whitish appearance could result in a low value. This indicates a poor processing technique, which could result in a fruity or fermented off-taste. Broken beans, on the other hand, could result not only in a high roasting loss, but also in charring of the beans and a poor cup quality, leading to off-tastes being produced, affecting the final soluble coffee product. The defect count is the measured presence or absence of defects such as blacks, browns, greens, faded and bleached beans, insect damaged beans, sour beans and extraneous matter such as twigs, sticks or stones. Maillard browning is desirable in the manufacture of coffee, causing beneficial sensory changes, as well as antimutagenic () and antioxidative properties (?). This enzymatic browning is catalysed by the enzyme polyphenol oxidase and can contribute to the overall acceptability of coffee. Products of enzymatic browning play a number of physiological roles i.e. melanonins produced may exhibit antibacterial and antifungal properties(?). Added ingredients: chicory added â€Å"French† coffee, fig added â€Å"Viennese† coffee Volatile components give coffee its characteristic fragrance. There are more than 600 classified flavour compounds in instant coffee. Heat vaporises them into the air. Instability of the volatile compounds can cause flavour of roasted coffee to deteriorate quickly as it cools, or if it is kept hot too long, evaporation causes the loss of many of these compounds and their flavours. Bitter substances – organic acids which give a bitter, slightly sour taste to coffee. Chlorogenic acid equals about 4% of roasted coffee beans, along with caffeine and polyphenols compounds. Coffee should never be boiled as these temperatures increase the solubility of the bitter compounds, resulting in unpalatable coffee. Coffee contains Methylxanthines such as caffeine and theobromine. These are compounds which stimulate the central nervous system, and have either positive or negative effects, depending upon the individual, including increased exercise performance, temporarily increased heartbeat, metabolism, stomach acid, sleep disturbance, and dilation and/or constriction of certain blood vessels. Diuretic effects, causing increased urination. Withdrawal symptoms include headaches, fatigue, moodiness and depression. Legal aspects The ICO council passed Resolution 420 (May 2004) which recommends voluntary targets for the minimum quality export standards for both arabica and robusta. The ICOs Coffee Quality-Improvement Programme calls on producing members to endeavour to restrict the export of arabica coffee with more than 86 defects per 300 g sample or robusta coffee with more than 150 defects per 300 g. The Programme also asks members to endeavour not to allow arabica or robusta of any grade to be exported whose moisture content is below 8% or above 12.5%. For the coffee year October 2009 – September 2010 the ICO reported that 24 exporting members, accounting for nearly 59 million bags or nearly 60% of all 2009/10 exports, provided information on the quality of the coffee they exported. Of these exports over 57 million bags (96%) were classified as being within the Resolution’s defects and moisture targets. The split arabica/robusta was 92% arabica and 8% robusta. Coffee can be decaffeinated by the use of a solvent, water, or super-critical cardon dioxide. Reference: Brennan, J. (2006). Food processing handbook. 1st Edition. UK: Wiley-VCH. Brown, A. (2008). Understanding food: principles and preparation. 1st Edition. USA: Thomson Learning, Inc. Clarke, R., and Macrae, R. (1985). Coffee volume 1: chemistry. 1st Edition. USA Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd. Dalgleish, J. (1990). Freeze-drying for the food industries. 1st Edition. UK: Elsevier science publishers Ltd. Goldblith, S., Rey, L., and Rothmayr, W. (1975). Freeze drying and advanced food technology. 1st Edition. USA: Academic Press Inc. Haarer, A. (1962). Modern coffee production. 2nd Edition. UK: Ebenezer Baylis and Son, Ltd. Hone, A. (1993). Soluble coffee: technical and marketing opportunities and constraints for origin producers. NRI marketing series 8. UK: Natural Resources Institute. Marshall, C. (1983). The world coffee trade. 1st Edition. UK: St Edmundsbury Press. Tull, A. (1989). Food science and technology. 1st Edition. UK: Oxford University Press. Streeten, P., and Elson, D. (1971). Diversification and development: the case of coffee. 1st Edition. USA: Praeger Publishers, Inc. intracen.org/coffee-guide/quality-control-issues/phenolic-taste-rio-flavour-fermented/ fao.org/ ipfsaph.org/servlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   /CDSServlet?status=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~~ coffee-ota.org/ fda.gov/Food/default.htm fda.gov/Food/default.htm coffeeinstitute.org/the-q-coffee-system.html

Was royal cult in the Seleukid empire an empire-wide phenomenon, Essay

Was royal cult in the Seleukid empire an empire-wide phenomenon, directed from above, or did it belong mostly in the world of the Greek cities - Essay Example (White, 2008; Pp 156 – 159) In any empire that has been inherited from the clutches of a great ruler such as Alexander the Great, there is always a need to ensure that the royal cult is omnipresent in the way the land is ruled. In the case of the Seleukid Empire, the access to documents has been of central importance in studying the direction taken by the royal in directing the affairs of the state. This paper will place special focus on these documents as well as the rituals that demonstrate the extent of the direction provided by the royal cult of the Seleukid Empire. The paper will basically study whether the royal cult of the Seleukid Empire directed the state from above or was simply concentrated in the Greek cities. (White, 2008; Pp 156 – 159) The Eastern territories that include countries like India, Iran, Turkey and many more countries, hold special significance as far as the matters of the state and direction from the royal cult is concerned. The influence of this came from the fact that the citizens in these countries regarded the king as God sent. Therefore, his word was the last word. Influences of Indian and other languages can be seen in ancient Greek history as well as the history of the Seleukid Empire. This is also apparent in the rituals, coins, symbols adapted by kings and various other details that are useful in studying cultural influences. (White, 2008; Pp 156 – 159) The extent of participation of the royal cult in the Seleukid Empire can be studied through a focus on the military, economic and cultural factors to begin with. This will help in setting the stage for understanding the implications of the documents that carved the framework within which the Selukid Empire’s royal cult operated. To begin with, it is imperative to understand that the territory that was inherited by the Seleukid Dynasty was